**Course Description** In 1928, Oswald de Andrade published the “Cannibal Manifesto” (Manifesto Antropófago) that identified the principle of cultural appropriation as key to Brazilian culture. He wasn't the only one. Throughout the 20th century, numerous artistic movements – cubism and dada, music concrete and found-footage film, situationism, pop art, and appropriation art to name but a few - have worked with pre-existing cultural materials as an avant-garde practice. With the spread of digital media, we have surrounded ourselves with a near-infinite amount of cultural materials, easy to access, easy to manipulate, easy to distribute. Now, appropriation is the new normal in artistic practice, and new cultural genres are emerging from it, from popular meme culture to sampling in music, collaborative films, performative reenactments, and works of art for the white cube. In recent years, debates about the limits of ‘cultural appropriation have come to the forefront, questioning the power relationships inherent in acts of appropriation and sharply criticizing certain practices as racist or colonial. In this module, we will look at the history of appropriation as an artistic technique, focus on the practice of appropriation in the networked culture of the present and address the controversies around contemporary practices. **Course Requirements** * Presence and active participation in the joint and break-out sessions * Contribution to shared note-taking * Short Essay (1-3 pages) consisting of, roughly, one-third own material, one-third material from Wikipedia, and one-third from shared notes. **Shared Notes** * Joint Sessions (https://pad.vmk.zhdk.ch/appropriation_art-joint) * Break-out Sessions (https://pad.vmk.zhdk.ch/appropriation_art-breakout) ====== Monday: Imitation, Stealing, Digesting ====== "Good artists borrow, great artists steal." Steve Jobs "Lesser artists borrow; great artists steal." Pablo Picasso or Igor Stravinsky "Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal; bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different." TS Eliot, 1921 **Anthrophagia, Tropicalismo, Open Culture** * Oswald de Andrade, 1928. Manifesto Antropofago [[https://www.academia.edu/1424345/Cannibalist_Manifesto|Cannibalist Manifesto]] transl. Leslie Bary. Latin American Literary Review, Vol. 19, No. 38 (Jul. - Dec. 1991), pp. 38-47 * Dunn, Christopher 1996. [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2935353|The Tropicalista Rebellion. Interview with Caetano Veloso]]. Transition(70): 116. (read 121-126) ({{ ::veloso_dunn_1996_the_tropicalista_rebellion.pdf |local copy)}} * Caetano Veloso, [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFC9ceKUm5Y|Tropicalia]], [[https://genius.com/Caetano-veloso-tropicalia-lyrics|Lyrics]], 1968 ([[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WwfwRULbSA8|live Performance 2012]]) * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWR2tchJv6E|A Guide to Tropicália in 20 Albums]], 6:38 * Hélio Oiticica. [[http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/oiticica-tropicalia-penetrables-pn-2-purity-is-a-myth-and-pn-3-imagetical-t12414|Tropicália]], 1966/67 ([[https://www.saic.edu/news/marketing-communications/about-work| Original Installation View]], [[https://www.wmagazine.com/story/helio-oiticica-whitney-museum-exhibition-instagram|Whitney Museum]] 2017) * Democracy Now! [[https://www.democracynow.org/2008/6/25/from_political_prisoner_to_cabinet_minister|From Political Prisoner to Cabinet Minister: Legendary Brazilian Musician Gilberto Gil on His Life, His Music and the Digital Divide]]. JUNE 25, 2008 (openness in the digital domain: 35:08 - ) * [[https://post.in-mind.de/pipermail/spectre/2004-September/003822.html|Digitofagia]] Sao Paolo, October 2004 ==== Afternoon ==== Peter Bürger. [[http://monoskop.org/log/?p=11134|Theory of the Avant-Garde]], trans. Michael Shaw, University of Minnesota Press, 1984, 134 pp. (read p. 73-82, Chapter Montage) Alfred Döblin: [[https://is.cuni.cz/studium/predmety/index.php?do=download&did=57715&kod=JMM636|Berlin Alexanderplatz. Die Geschichte vom Franz Biberkopf]]. 1929 (read S. 13-21) Walter Ruttmann: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBCGTp3egbc|Symphonie einer Grosstadt]], 1927, 664 min (watch at least first 15 minutes) William Burroughs. [[http://asounder.org/resources/burroughs_invisible.pdf|The Invisible Generation]]. 1962 ([[http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/items/show/9535|original layout]]) William Burroughs. [[http://tbook.constantvzw.org/wp-content/cutup_gysin_burrough.pdf|The Cut-Up. Method of Brion Gysin]] ====== Tuesday: Swimming in the sea of analogue media ====== **Music Concrete** * Luigi Russolo. [[http://www.artype.de/Sammlung/pdf/russolo_noise.pdf|The Art of Noise]]. (futurist manifesto, 1913), translated by Robert Filliou. 1967 ([[https://www.openculture.com/2018/03/the-original-noise-artist-hear-the-strange-experimental-sounds-instruments-of-italian-futurist-luigi-russolo-1913.html|Modern reconstruction of the machines]]) * Arseny Avraamov. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kq_7w9RHvpQ|Symphony of factory sirens]]. Baku 1922, Moscow 1923 * Halim El-Dabh (1921-2017). [[https://scenearabia.com/Noise/halim-el-dabh-egyptian-musician-composer-invented-electronic-music|The Expression of Zaar/The Wire Piece]]. 1944 * Pierre Schaeffer: [[http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/works/etude-aux-chemins-de-fer/|Etude aux chemins de fe]]r, 1948 * Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Henry: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HBMvmJQzcY |Symphonie pour un Homme Seul]], 1949 * John Cage. [[http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/works/williams-mix/audio/1/|William's Mix.]] 1952 ([[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ql4Ophbt7k|full-length version]], 5:44) * Holmes, Thom. 2008.// Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture.// 3rd ed. New York: Routledge. **Found Footage Film** * Charles A. Ridley. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYdmk3GP3iM | Lambeth Walk: Nazi Style]], 1941, 2:18 Min. * Burce Conner: [[https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x248brc|A Movie]], 1958, 12 Min (a [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGWh3MCJea4|video essay]] about "A Movie") * Dara Birnbaum. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJhEgbz9piI|Technology/Transformation: Wonder Woman]], 1978. 5 Min * Martin Arnold. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnDagpv4kUk|Piece Touchée]], 1989, 15 Min. * Rick Prelinger: [[https://archive.org/details/ThisIsPr2001# | This is Prelinger Archive]]. 2001 * Christian Marclay. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DW1D2rzPDrw|Telephones]], 1995 7:15 [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clock_(2010_film)|The Clock]], 2010, 24:00:00 * Hausheer, Celilia und Christoph Settele (1992): //Found footage film//, Luzern: VIPER/Zyklop-Verlag. * Sebastian Lütgert: [[http://rolux.org/video/get_in_the_car_get_out_of_the_car/|Get in the car, get out of the car]], 2019 ==== Afternoon ==== Crimp, Douglas. 1977 [[https://monoskop.org/images/1/10/Pictures_1977_catalogue.pdf | Pictures]], New York: [[http://artistsspace.org/exhibitions/pictures | Artists Space]], 1977, 30 pp * Jack Goldstein [[http://ubu.com/film/goldstein_jump.html | The Jump]], 1979, 00:52 * Joan Jonas [[http://ubu.com/film/jonas_disturbances.html | Disturbances]], 1974, 11:00 Crimp, Douglas. 1980. [[https://www.academia.edu/5728395/The_Photographic_Activity_of_Postmodernism|“The Photographic Activity of Postmodernism.”]] October 15: 91–101. * Edward Westen. [[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/286228|Neil]]. 1923 Crimp, Douglas. 1982/1993 [[https://monoskop.org/images/a/af/Crimp_Douglas_1982_Appropriating_Appropriation.pdf | "Appropriating Appropriation"]], in Image Scavengers: Photography, ed. Paula Marincola, Institute of Contemporary Art/University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982, pp 27-34; repr. in Crimp, On the Museum's Ruins, 1993, pp 126-137. * Michael Graves, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_Building | Portland Municipal Services Building]], 1982 * Frank Gehry [[https://www.archdaily.com/67321/gehry-residence-frank-gehry Gehry | Residence]], 1978 * [[http://www.mapplethorpe.org | Robert Mapplethorpe]] ====== Wednesday: Postmodernism & Apporpriation Art ====== **Re-Photography** **Sherry Levine** * [[https://www.theartstory.org/artist/levine-sherrie/artworks/|Art Works.]] The Art Story * [[https://www.metropictures.com/exhibitions/sherrie-levine|After Walter Evans]], Metro Pictures Gallery, 1981 * Buskirk, Martha. 1994. “Interviews with Sherrie Levine, Louise Lawler, and Fred Wilson.” October 70(Autumn): 98–112 {{ ::buskirk1994.pdf |}} * Michael Mandiberg. [[http://www.aftersherrielevine.com/index.html|AfterSherryLevine.com]] 2001 **Richard Prince** * [[https://www.guggenheim.org/teaching-materials/richard-prince-spiritual-america/cowboys |Cowboys, 1989]] ,[[http://100photos.time.com/photos/richard-prince-cowboy|Untitled (Cowboy): Behind Richard Prince's Photographs & Appropriation]], Time Magazine, 2016, 14 Min * [[https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2014/richard-prince-canal-zone/|"Canal Zone."]] Gagosian Galery, 2008 * Patrick Carriou. 2000. [[https://www.amazon.com/Yes-Rasta-Perry-Henzell/dp/1576870731|Yes Rasta]]. * Prince vs. Carriou, The question of fair use [[http://www.herrick.com/publications/the-transformation-of-fair-use-after-prince-v-cariou |The ‘Transformation’ of Fair Use After Prince v. Cariou]] 2014 * [[https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2014/richard-prince-new-portraits|New Portraits]] Gagosian Gallery 2014 * [[https://brooklynrail.org/2014/11/artseen/richard-prince-new-portraits|Review of New Portaits]]. Brooklyn Rail, 2014 * [[https://news.artnet.com/market/art-flippers-suicide-girls-richard-prince-prints-324580 |Art Flippers Attempt to Unload Suicide Girls’ Version of Richard Prince Work]], 11.08.2015 * [[https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/24/22399790/emily-ratajkowski-nft-christies-copyright-nightmare-richard-prince|How many layers of copyright infringement are in Emily Ratajkowski’s new NFT?]] The Verge, 21.03.2021 * Emily Ratajkowski [[https://www.thecut.com/article/emily-ratajkowski-owning-my-image-essay.html|Buying Myself Back When does a model own her own image]] The Cut, 15.09.2020 Metropolitan Museum of Art, [[https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2009/pictures-generation | The Pictures Generation, 1974–1984]], 2009 * Jerry Saltz [[http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/saltz/saltz5-18-09.asp | Great Artists Steal]], ArtNet, 2009 Evans, David, ed. 2009. [[https://claseshipermedia.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/evans-d-edit-appropriation-mit.pdf|Appropriation. Documents of Contemporary Art]]. London : Cambridge, Mass: Whitechapel ; MIT Press. Read Introduction. p.12-23 ==== Afternoon ==== **Kenneth Goldsmith “The Body of Michael Brown” 2015** * Context: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown|Shooting of Michael Brown]]. Wikipedia * [[https://www.browndailyherald.com/2015/03/18/racial-controversy-over-poem-ends-conference-early/|Racial controversy over poem ends conference event early]]The Brown University school newspaper’s account of the reading and response * [[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kenneth-goldsmith-michael-brown_n_6880996|What Happened When A White Male Poet Read Michael Brown’s Autopsy As Poetry]], Huffington Post, March 17 * [[https://conversations.e-flux.com/t/much-ado-about-kenneth-goldsmith/1207|Much ado about Kenneth Goldsmith]]. eflux, March - Sept. 2015 * [[http://queenmobs.com/2015/03/the-body-of-kenneth-goldsmith/|P.E. Garcia “The Body of Kenneth Goldsmith”]] * [[http://queenmobs.com/2015/03/kenneth-goldsmiths-formalized-injustice|Adam Jordan “Kenneth Goldsmith’s Formalized Injustice”]] * [[http://www.ericrettberg.com/cpcc/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Screenshot-2015-03-25-08.39.40.png|Goldsmith First Response on Facebook]], [[http://www.ericrettberg.com/cpcc/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Screenshot-2015-03-25-08.39.56.png|Second Response]] * [[https://www.inquisitr.com/1928367/death-threat-for-michael-brown-autopsy-poem-kenneth-goldsmith-responds/|Death Threat For Michael Brown Autopsy Poem -- Kenneth Goldsmith Responds]], 2017 **Dana Schutz “Open Casket”, 2016** * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4V6ffUUEvaM | The Body Of Emmett Till | 100 Photos | TIME]] * [[https://news.artnet.com/art-world/dana-schutz-painting-emmett-till-whitney-biennial-protest-897929 | Dana Schutz’s Painting of Emmett Till at Whitney Biennial Sparks Protest]] Artnet News, March 21, 2017 * [[https://news.artnet.com/art-world/dana-schutz-responds-to-the-uproar-over-her-emmett-till-painting-900674 | Dana Schutz Responds to the Uproar Over Her Emmett Till Painting at the Whitney Biennial]] Artnet News, March 23, 2017 * Speidel, Klaus. 2017. “[[https://www.spikeartmagazine.com/en/articles/dana-schutzs-open-casket-controversy-around-painting-symptom-art-world-malady | Dana Schutz’s ‘Open Casket’: A Controversy around a Painting as a Symptom of an Art World Malady.]]” Spike Art Magazine. March 24, 2017. * Michaels, Walter Benn. 2018. “Who Gets Ownership of Pain and Victimhood?” Le Monde Diplomatique, May 2018. https://mondediplo.com/2018/05/14race-class. * Steve Locke. 2020. [[https://www.artforum.com/print/202009/guston-whiteness-and-the-unfinished-business-of-the-vile-world-84378|Guston, Whiteness, and the unfinished business of the vile world.]] Artforum (December) ====== Thursday: Limits of (Cultural) Appropriation ====== i-D. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwEMVEmeubk|What’s the Difference Between Appropriation and Appreciation?]] 2019 3:28 (mostly refers to fashion). ==== Afternoon ==== **Referentiality & Remix** * Felix Stalder. 2018. Digital Condition. Polity Press. (read chapter{{ ::stalder_-_the_digital_condition_referentiality.pdf |"Referentiality"}} p. 59-79) **Meme Culture** * Patrick Davison, 2012 [[http://veryinteractive.net/library/the-language-of-internet-memes|The Language of Internet Memes]]. from The Social Media Reader edited by Michael Mandiberg, 2012 * Richard Dawkins Foundation. [[https://richarddawkins.net/2014/02/whats-in-a-meme|What’s In A Meme?]] 2014 **Black Meme Culture** * Jackson, Laur M., 2016 [[https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/the-blackness-of-meme-movement | The Blackness of Meme Movement]] modelviewculture.com ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20210413144328/https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/the-blackness-of-meme-movement|archived version]]) * Aria Dean [[https://reallifemag.com/poor-meme-rich-meme/|Poor Meme, Rich Meme]] Real Life Mag, July 25, 2016 ====== Friday: Remix & Memes ====== Preview of student texts [[http://nkhstudio.com/ | Nate Harrison]] Can I Get An Amen?, 2004 Kirbey Furgeson. [[https://youtu.be/nJPERZDfyWc?t=834|Everything is a remix]]. 2015, 38 min. (in particular: part 3: the Sources of Creativity) Copyright Reform: [[https://rechtaufremix.org|Recht auf Remix]] https://knowyourmeme.com Feels Good Man. Documentary on Pepe the Frog, 2020, 90 min. ==== Afternoon ==== Writing Essay